Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine

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Editorial Board Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine — 2025-11-23

Editorial Information

Editorial Board Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine — 2025-11-23

Probl Cryobiol Cryomed 2025; 35(2):55-56

Biotechnological potential of microalgae: storage methods and non-cryogenic factors of cryopreservation efficiency

Nadiia Chernobai — 2025-11-23

The review considers the prospects for the use and preservation techniques for microalgal collection samples. Microalgae have significant biotechnological potential in the food, pharmaceutical, environmental and energy sectors. The paper analyzes and summarizes current methods of maintaining microalgae cultures with a focus on their stability, preservation of biological properties, and long-term storage capabilities. The work includes a comparison of different approaches to microalgae preservation, including batch subcultivation, lyophilization, and cryopreservation. Particular attention is paid to cryopreservation as an effective method of long-term storage of genetically stable cultures, which minimizes the risk of losing valuable biotechnological characteristics. The influence of the stage of culture development, cell concentration in the suspension, cold adaptation, and centrifugation on the survival of microalgae after cryopreservation was determined. The results obtained are important for the development of biotechnological and environmental programs related to the use of microalgae.

Probl Cryobiol Cryomed 2025; 35(2):57–67

Sterilization and low temperature effects on regenerative potential of hyaluronic acid

Tetiana Gurina — 2025-11-23

Due to its physical properties and pharmacological activity, hyaluronic acid (HA) has considerable potential for use in cryobiology and cryomedicine. The aim of the study was to create a method for sterilizing aqueous solutions of HA that does not reduce its regenerative properties, and to study the effect of low temperatures on their preservation. For the sterilization of aqueous solutions of HA, a gentle sterilization regimen — tyndallization — was proposed, which at the same time ensures the sterility of the solutions and does not affect their regenerative properties. The effects of tyndallization and low temperatures on the preservation of the regenerative properties of 1 and 2% aqueous solutions of HA of different molecular weights: low molecular weight (LMW HA) (<100 kDa) and high molecular weight (HMW HA) (>2000 kDa) was studied in an animal model of excision wound healing. It has been shown that low temperatures do not change the regenerative properties of HMW HA and LMW HA (even in the thermocycling mode), which opens up wide possibilities for use in cryobiology and cryomedicine.

Probl Cryobiol Cryomed 2025; 35(2):68–75

Theoretical determination of biophysical parameters for optimising neural cells' three-dimensional structures cryopreservation

Oleksandr Sukach — 2025-11-23

Using physical and mathematical modelling of the mass transfer processes of water and Me₂SO, the values of the relative osmotically inactive volume for aggregates and spheroids of neural cells from newborn rats were determined. The evaluated parameters for aggregates and spheroids are 0.689 and 0.644, respectively. The study also presents theoretically calculated changes over time in the normalized osmotic pressure of Me₂SO and the concentration of salt ions within spheroids and aggregates. From the dynamic curves of change in relative volume for aggregates and spheroids, the filtration coefficients for water and permeability for Me₂SO were determined. It was found that aggregates, as less densely packed structures than spheroids, were characterised by higher permeability coefficients for water and Me₂SO, particularly at 5 °C. At this temperature, 119 s is required for 95% saturation of aggregate cells with 10% Me₂SO and 157 s for spheroid. This means that at a temperature of 5 °C, the equilibration time with the cryoprotectant Me₂SO is 25% longer for spheroids than for aggregates. The obtained results indicate that spheroids as a more integral structure characterised by dense cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, are more osmotically active compared to aggregates. These findings can be used to develop the optimal methods for cryopreservation of neural cell aggregates and spheroids.

Probl Cryobiol Cryomed. 2025; 35(2): 76–84

Antioxidant and antihypoxic activity of human cord blood extracts obtained with various temperature regimens of destruction of cellular elements and extraction media

Ivan Shcheniavskyi — 2025-11-23

The research analysed the dependence of antioxidant and antihypoxic activity of human cord blood (HCB) extracts on the temperature regimen of destruction, salt composition and pH of the extraction solution. Using the adrenaline autooxidation model, it was found that the antiradical activity of all the cryoextracts exceeded this index of those obtained using the same extraction solutions in combination with incubation at 70 ºС for 30 min, or with the use of hypotonic lysis. The content of malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxides in the brain of animals exposed to normobaric hypoxia, which were injected with a low-molecular fraction (up to 10 kDa) isolated from HCB cryoextracts, was found to be significantly lower than when being injected with a low-molecular fraction of extracts obtained using high temperature or hypotonic lysis. During hypotonic lysis, enzyme molecules and low-molecular biologically active peptides also undergo significant destructive effects of endogenous proteases and lose their specific activity. It has been proven that cryoextraction, regardless of the applied freeze-thawing rates and the composition and pH of the medium, allows obtaining final products with significantly higher antiradical and anti-hypoxic properties than after holding at high temperature and hypotonic lysis. Our findings prove the prospects of using cryotechnologies in the processing animal and human tissues and blood to obtain raw materials enriched with biologically active substances to produce medicines.

Probl Cryobiol Cryomed. 2025; 35(2): 85–91

Antioxidant protection in cryopreservation: the role of Trolox in preserving human cord blood nucleated cells

Pavlo Zubov — 2025-11-23

The paper presents experimental data on determining quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human cord blood (CB) nucleated cells (NCs), including hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), after cryopreservation in solutions with different concentrations of DMSO and antioxidant Trolox and in vitro transfusion simulation. Our findings showed that the incubation of frozen-thawed cord blood NCs for an hour under in vitro physiological conditions caused a decrease in their survival and viability compared to the data obtained immediately after thawing. These changes are likely due to the destruction of some cells, contained high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) because of mechanical and metabolic injuries caused by freeze-thawing factors. The supplement of antioxidant Trolox at concentrations of 50 or 70 μM to the cryoprotective DMSO-containing medium at equilibration stage promotes the reduction of cells with excessive ROS content and increases their survival and viability both after thawing the cell suspension and after transferring to in vitro physiological conditions. The results obtained for determining the delayed cell survival demonstrate the efficiency of using antioxidant Trolox and the prospects for developing Trolox-containing cryoprotective mixtures for freezing cord blood NCs, including HPCs, and may become a prerequisite for improving the existing approaches and developing the new ones to their cryopreservation and long-term storage in low-temperature banks.

Probl Cryobiol Cryomed. 2025; 35(2): 92–102

Cryopreservation of mesenchymal stem cells within macroporous matrices after sucrose pretreatment

Natalia Trufanova — 2025-11-23

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) attract the attention of scientists and specialists in various fields of medicine due to their high immunomodulatory and regenerative potential, ability to multilineage differentiation. Effective storage technologies are essential for the implementation of MSCs into medical and laboratory practice. The article investigates the effect of pretreatment with sucrose on the viability, metabolic activity and differentiation potential of MSCs after cryopreservation in three-dimensional (3D) macroporous matrices. The results of the study showed that pretreatment with sucrose increased the efficiency of cell cryopreservation in collagen matrices by slow cooling in the presence of 10% DMSO and serum. The viability and metabolic activity of cells after cryopreservation in 3D matrices was significantly higher when treated with sucrose. It was also found that cells after cryopreservation retained the ability to proliferate and multilineage differentiation. The findings suggest that using sucrose for cell pretreatment is a promising approach to reduce cryodamage during their cryopreservation in 3D matrices and opens up new opportunities for increasing the efficiency of storage of tissue-engineered constructs.

Probl Cryobiol Cryomed. 2025; 35(2):103–9

In memory of Dr Arthur W. Rowe

Editorial Board Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine — 2025-11-23

Probl Cryobiol Cryomed. 2025; 35(2): 110

Instruction for Authors

Editorial Board Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine — 2025-11-23

Probl Cryobiol Cryomed 2025; 35(2):111–114

Backmatter

Editorial Board Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine — 2025-11-23

Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine

Cover of the Issue

Editorial Information

Table of Contents

Biotechnological potential of microalgae: storage methods and non-cryogenic factors of cryopreservation efficiency

Sterilization and low temperature effects on regenerative potential of hyaluronic acid

Theoretical determination of biophysical parameters for optimising neural cells' three-dimensional structures cryopreservation

Antioxidant and antihypoxic activity of human cord blood extracts obtained with various temperature regimens of destruction of cellular elements and extraction media

Antioxidant protection in cryopreservation: the role of Trolox in preserving human cord blood nucleated cells

Cryopreservation of mesenchymal stem cells within macroporous matrices after sucrose pretreatment

In memory of Dr Arthur W. Rowe

Instruction for Authors

Backmatter